When analyzing literature, the terms theme and moral are sometimes used interchangeably. However, there are distinct differences between the two concepts that are important to understand. Explore what sets theme and moral apart to better interpret meaning in stories.
Defining Theme
The theme of a literary work refers to the central ideas that underpin the story. It considers the human experience that the work explores and questions that it raises.
Theme touches on more universal concepts about human nature, society, beliefs or values. Theme typically leaves room for interpretation and debate. For example common themes are love, death, coming of age, good vs evil, justice, societal corruption, loss of innocence, friendship, loyalty and prejudice.
Characteristics of Theme:
- Usually an abstract, broader idea about people, principles or conditions
- Develops naturally from the story elements rather than stated overtly
- Open to analysis and discussion around meanings and perspectives
- Connects to wider human experiences and social issues
- Provides commentary on the human condition
Defining Moral
The moral of a story refers specifically to the lesson or message that the writer intends to convey to the reader. The moral is the prescribed takeaway or practical advice that the author communicates through the plot and characters.
Morals tend to be concrete directives for desired behavior or ethical codes. Morals are usually explicitly stated by the writer or a character rather than left open for interpretation. Common morals are the importance of being kind, not judging a book by its cover, little things can make a big difference, listen to elders, don’t steal or cheat.
Characteristics of Moral:
- A specific life lesson or rule for desired behavior
- Stated overtly by the writer or a character
- Concrete and precise rather than implied or debatable
- Prescribes actions or values to adopt (or avoid)
- Didactic in tone rather than discussing wider concepts
- Aimed at teaching readers proper conduct
Key Differences
In essence, the theme is the deeper strand of meaning woven through the story while the moral is the concrete lesson the writer wants to impart. Themes provoke thought on complex ideas and issues while morals provide clear directives for behavior.
Themes open up avenues for analysis and discussion. Morals give specific advice. Themes touch on more abstract human concerns applicable to life in general. Morals relate to codes of conduct in specific situations.
Examples
Fables like Aesop’s classic “The Tortoise and the Hare” have explicit morals such as “Don’t brag about your skills” and “Slow and steady wins the race.”
Novels like Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird have themes about loss of innocence, racism, courage, justice and morality. Readers analyze the themes through the characters and events rather than receiving a neat takeaway message.
In summary, both theme and moral have a role to play in storytelling. Themes add layers of insight into the human condition while morals provide wisdom to guide behavior. Keeping their differences in mind facilitates deeper literary analysis.
